Yang Guang Resin Chemical Co., Ltd

Знание

JC Resin (Vinyl Chloride/Vinyl Acetate/Maleic Acid Terpolymer): An In-Depth Commentary

The Journey from Laboratory Curiosity to Modern Necessity

JC Resin stands as a result of decades spent chasing better plastics. Vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, both rooted in the early plastics boom of the 20th century, found strength in numbers when researchers realized that blending in maleic acid creates versatility rare for synthetic polymers. Early milestones were marked by trial and error in blending ratios, striving to control flexibility, clarity, and toughness. Back then, plastics weren’t just about utility—they represented hope for a future less reliant on natural materials. Once these terpolymers started rolling out of pilot plants, production ramped up. Factories didn’t just churn out resins; they raised the bar for what plastics could do, sparking intense competition to improve processing and broaden application range.

What Sets This Terpolymer Apart

Vinyl chloride on its own makes PVC, known for its rigidity and durability. Add vinyl acetate and the material gains a more workable, less brittle character. Bringing maleic acid into the fold changes the game: now, chemists can dial in adhesion, tweak glass transition temperature, and introduce carboxylic functionalities for better compatibility with other additives or fillers. JC Resin pushes boundaries by balancing all three: toughness meets processability, plus built-in sites for further chemical play. In finished form, the resin is nearly odorless and off-white, coming as powder or granules that handle readily in everyday industrial setups.

Breaking Down the Science: Properties and Makeup

Measuring JC Resin means more than just melting point or particle size. The glass transition temperature often hovers in the lower ranges, especially compared to pure PVC, making it responsive in applications where thermal flexibility matters. Density usually falls between 1.3 and 1.4 g/cm³, partly due to the acetate and maleic acid units filling gaps in the polymer matrix. Resistance to water picks up from vinyl chloride's legacy, but solubility in alcohols and esters edges higher because of the additional polar groups. That opens up unique processing windows. Technically, the degree of polymerization, the maleic acid content, and the residual monomer levels stand out as key specs. Factories constantly monitor these, because even small changes shift product performance.

Numbers on the Label Tell a Bigger Story

Labels for JC Resin won’t just show a CAS number or grade. Molecular weight distribution, residual monomers (especially strict for health safety), ash content, and bulk density frequently appear. Companies demand tight control, since impurities or variability create headaches in downstream uses. Some producers stamp on the recommended processing temperatures, safe storage timeframes, and even application-specific certifications. Every number or symbol isn’t just for regulators—it helps chemists keep materials within safe and effective limits, and gives buyers confidence that batches match their needs.

How Factories Make JC Resin—and Keep Getting Better at It

Preparation involves emulsion or suspension polymerization, where PVC's traditional processes get tweaked to welcome in acetate and maleic acid. The reaction tank becomes a battleground for temperature, pressure, and initiator selection. Vinyl chloride monomer, the workhorse, pairs with vinyl acetate, and maleic acid drops in at the right moment to anchor pendant groups. Factories often pursue higher degrees of automation to contain the health risks tied to vinyl chloride—one of the more notorious industrial hazards. Environmental controls, closed material loops, and regular upgrades make a big impact, not just on yields, but worker safety and neighborhood health. After reaction, the resin gets filtered, purified, dried, and sometimes dusted with stabilizers or antistats to match market demand.

Chemical Tweaks and Practical Modifications

The power of JC Resin shines in how easily it takes to further modification. Those carboxylic acid groups open up anchor points for crosslinking, branching, or even blending with pigments and fillers. Some plants throw in plasticizers to push the flexibility up for film applications. Surface carboxyls make it sticky enough for adhesives or coatings without extra primers, while grafting with specialty monomers further grows its toolbox. Developers enjoy the freedom to chase unique property sets; for instance, heat-sealable packagings demand a careful touch, balancing softening point with long-term stickiness resistance. The resin doesn’t stay static—engineers love to innovate, and JC Resin gives them plenty to work with.

What Factories and Buyers Call This Stuff

Though “JC Resin” rolls off the tongue in industry circles, its longer name—vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate/maleic acid terpolymer—shows up on datasheets, on customs forms, and in scientific studies. Product names differ by region and maker, and some outfits market it under catchy brand names tailored for construction, automotive, or medical segments. Synonyms like “VC/VAc/MAc terpolymer” or “modified vinyl copolymer” show up in chemical reference guides. This variety can create confusion for newcomers, but once you get used to the acronyms, navigating supplier catalogs feels second nature.

Safe Handling, Smarter Operations

Factories handling JC Resin face strict rules—thanks to the health risks tied to vinyl chloride monomer and potential dust hazards typical of resins. Exhaust ventilation, proper personal protective equipment (PPE), and spill control protocols are non-negotiable. The acetoxy and carboxyl groups don’t release high-toxicity vapors themselves, though hot processing can create decomposition byproducts. Packaging carries clear hazard communication, and workers face regular training audits. Even in downstream plants—whether making packaging, profiles, or adhesives—keeping dust and fume exposure low matters. Occupational health standards continue tightening, and forward-thinking companies embrace these not just to tick boxes, but for better worker retention and public trust.

Fields That Count on This Resin

JC Resin finds its way into packaging films seeking a balance of toughness and sealability, adhesive formulations needing strong bonds at room or elevated temperatures, coatings looking for resistance against moisture, and even into modifiable profiles for windows and doors. Its carboxyl functional groups let it stick to surfaces traditional PVC would shrug off. Medical devices draw on the clarity and biocompatibility, though regulations ramp up in that space. Automotive interiors benefit from flexible, easy-to-clean surfaces with low odor. Personal experience in collaborating with manufacturing engineers showed that custom modifications—tailoring melt flow or adhesive power—keep JC Resin competitive, as no single property wins the day across applications.

Research, Discovery, and the Push Forward

Chemists and materials scientists continue digging into how different monomer ratios change toughness, clarity, and adhesion. Published research often zeroes in on the fine structure—how maleic acid units distribute along the backbone shifts everything from transparency to water uptake. Over years of industry discussions, any innovation that promises faster curing, more sustainable feedstocks, or safer processing gains quick attention. University labs and major companies both chase bio-based vinyl monomers, aiming to lower the resin's carbon footprint while holding on to the mechanical edge. Digital modeling now speeds up tweaks that once cost months in trial-and-error wet chemistry.

What the Data Shows on Health & Environmental Impact

Toxicity research draws a hard line on monomer content; the deadly legacy of vinyl chloride exposure in workers still shapes today’s handling rules. Finished JC Resin, once properly processed and stored, doesn’t leach hazardous amounts under normal use, but questions about microplastics and end-of-life breakdown drive new studies every year. Animal models and toxicity screens watch for chronic effects, especially when the resin is destined for food-contact or medical applications. Community concern over plasticizer migration and particulate emissions spurs transparency in supply chains, and more regulators demand cradle-to-grave tracking. Many producers lean into voluntary certifications and regular external audits, because a routine factory fine barely touches the cost of public trust lost from a health scandal.

What Comes Next for JC Resin?

Industry hopes for a better mix of sustainability, process efficiency, and performance. Bio-renewable acetates, greener production processes, and innovative recycling approaches all crowd the R&D pipeline. Engineers try to lower the energy footprint of every production run, while marketers scan consumer trends for the next big “eco-friendly” label. Recyclability gains urgency in Europe and Japan, where regulations often outpace North America. Digital twins and process AI now steer real-time batches, cutting waste, and chemical companies seek to replace high-emission steps with safer, cleaner substitutes. No one pretends the challenges end with a single product tweak. For those of us working alongside technical teams in plastics, the lesson is clear: adapt or get left behind. JC Resin, like the field around it, keeps proving that innovation and responsibility run best when they run together.



What are the main applications of JC Resin (Vinyl Chloride/Vinyl Acetate/Maleic Acid Terpolymer)?

Sticking Power in Adhesives

JC Resin shows up in a lot of places where strong, flexible bonds make or break performance. Think about the tapes and labels we peel and stick every day. A bit of this terpolymer in the adhesive formula helps both factories and users trust that their products stay put, even in tough environments. Packing tape needs to hold up under pressure and humidity. Medical tapes need to stick to skin but not cause irritation. JC Resin keeps tackiness balanced, and it resists yellowing or hardening over time. In packaging, labeling, woodworking glues, this terpolymer doesn’t just keep things together, it helps address the daily needs of many industries that count on reliable bonds.

Coatings That Stand Up to Rain, Sun, and Scrapes

Construction brings plenty of challenges—paint and coatings need to last, not just look good on day one. JC Resin steps in for things like anti-corrosive paints, waterproofing, and even traffic markings. It gives coatings toughness, flexibility, and resistance to the sun’s harsh rays. Roof coatings, exterior wall paints, floor sealants—these jobs demand materials that stretch a little instead of cracking. Where I live, summer heat and winter cold push any coating to its limits. A splash of JC Resin reduces the risk of chipping and peeling. Fact: vinyl acetate-based polymers have been proven to improve scrub resistance and color fastness in many modern coatings.

Paper and Textile Finishing: Everyday Upgrades

In the world of paper, JC Resin takes papers and boards from basic to ready-for-market. Magazines, specialty bags, cartons—these materials need strength and sometimes gloss without giving up the ability to print clearly. The resin helps create a surface that resists moisture and ink bleeding. In textiles, it acts much the same—finishing coats that offer wrinkle resistance and help fabrics shed water or dirt. Everyone’s handled a slick, durable shopping bag or spill-resistant placemat. Most likely, something like JC Resin plays a role in that finishing step.

Better Performance in Inks and Sealants

Printing inks have to grip surfaces without smearing, fade slowly, and dry just right. JC Resin steps up by making inks that work on plastics, foils, even glass. It provides improved printability and speeds up drying time, so big print runs move faster and with less mess. Sealants benefit, too—bathroom and kitchen caulks, window sealers, and those little beads sealing gaps in a house can all keep out water and air better thanks to this terpolymer’s flexibility and adhesion.

Environmental and Performance Balance

The plastics and resins industry faces growing pressure for sustainable choices. JC Resin, built from common vinyl and acetate building blocks, balances functional toughness and transparency with safer handling than older, more hazardous materials. Research has shown vinyl-based terpolymers release fewer volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than many traditional alternatives. Wood construction now leans into resins like this for assembled furniture, reducing emissions and supporting indoor air quality.

Looking Toward Smarter Use

Engineers and chemists keep pushing for smarter, greener, tougher formulations. Whether it's upgrading packaging that takes less plastic, or paints that last years longer outdoors, JC Resin plays a central role in products we use every day. Investments in recycling infrastructure and new chemistry research continue, aiming for true circular use of these polymers. For now, this terpolymer keeps real-world products reliable and practical, while offering a lighter load on the environment than many old-school materials.

What are the key properties of JC Resin?

Durability in Real-World Use

JC Resin grabs the attention of many manufacturers because it takes a beating and keeps its shape. Picture a kitchen countertop that faces coffee spills, hot pans, and curious pets. This material shrugs off scratches, resists dents, and handles everyday rough treatment. I spent years working in workshop environments, and nothing halts progress like cracked or warped materials. JC Resin gives end users some peace of mind, as it stands up to heavy use without quickly wearing down.

Transparency and Clarity

Folks working on art projects or decorative surfaces often turn to JC Resin for its glass-like transparency. It brings out the colors in floral displays or embedded stones. If you’ve seen those river tables where wood and resin mix together, the crystal-clear look adds character that turns an ordinary table into something you want to show off. I’ve helped a friend make jewelry; only certain resins kept the inclusions bright and clear. JC Resin lets creators play with design, knowing the finished product will stay sharp under regular lighting.

Chemical Resistance Plays a Huge Role

Some resins react poorly to common household goods like cleaners or alcohol; JC Resin holds up to a broad range of substances. In laboratory settings and food prep areas, this quality keeps surfaces looking new and performing well. I’ve seen plenty of cheaper plastics fall apart after a few months of accidental contact with harsh liquids. The added chemical resistance of JC Resin saves money and time for businesses and DIYers, who need products that last.

Adhesion Strength

Adhesion might not sound that exciting, but it makes or breaks a project if the resin doesn’t stick the way you hope. JC Resin forms strong bonds with various bases like wood, metal, and fabric. In my own repair work, I always check whether an adhesive will peel up or flake away. JC Resin keeps a grip on surfaces, so finishes don’t separate and bubbles don’t ruin the surface.

Ease of Mixing and Application

Many people just starting out worry about complicated mixing procedures or extended cure times. JC Resin often mixes with simple ratios and settles into molds without fuss. The self-leveling property is a game changer for large pours or for people aiming for smooth finishes on uneven shapes. I remember smoothing resin over a rough slab of wood; a reliable mix that doesn’t require constant vigilance takes a lot of stress out of the process.

UV Stability Matters for Longevity

Direct sunlight can turn some plastics yellow or cloudy. JC Resin generally resists this fading, which keeps counters, coatings, or artwork looking fresh for the long haul. For outdoor or window-facing uses, this property determines whether a piece will keep its original look over the years. I once saw a bench that yellowed in a single summer; materials with UV stability hold up as promised, protecting both investment and visual appeal.

Safety and Handling

No one wants to work with something that puts their health at risk. JC Resin manufacturers typically test for low emission of fumes and harmful compounds. Safer handling means people in homes, workshops, or classrooms use the material confidently. Being easy on the nose makes it fit for hobbyists and professionals alike.

These properties—durability, clarity, chemical resistance, adhesion, easy use, UV stability, and safety—set JC Resin apart as a top choice for a range of projects spanning home improvements to artistic ventures.
Is JC Resin compatible with other resins or plasticizers?

Blending JC Resin: Lessons From the Workshop

Mixing resins takes me back to my early days working in a small molding shop, where nothing stayed the same from one batch to the next. Materials like JC Resin found their way onto workbenches and often, the question popped up: can it play nicely with other resins or plasticizers? Plenty of people in manufacturing, home workshops, and even repair crews keep asking, because nobody wants failures in finished products.

From experience, the real point isn’t just about theoretical compatibility. It’s about performance, cost, and the risks of surprises down the road. JC Resin, often used for coatings, adhesives, or casting, usually means a polyester or epoxy base. If you’re reaching for a new filler, colorant, or even trying to cut costs with a plasticizer, it pays to know how things mix both at a molecular and everyday level.

Fact Check: Chemical Compatibility Isn’t Always Straightforward

Different resin types carry different polarities and structures. Epoxy and polyester don't act the same and often resist mixing. If a manufacturer claims their JC Resin blends with standard epoxies or polyesters, the practical reality is, the molecules rarely bond right. Sometimes you get weak seams or hazy layers. The nature of the hardener matters too. Using the wrong one brings tacky surfaces or slow cures. Lab results back this up: mixed cure chemistries can fumble mechanical properties. Published work at the American Chemical Society notes most resins rely on particular curing agents, and deviating by adding another base resin can knock down strength or weather resistance.

I’ve seen production lines grind to a halt from simple experiments gone wrong. One crew tried cutting costs by stretching JC Resin with a “generic” vinyl ester. End result: hundreds of blistered surfaces, all from ignoring basic chemistry. Checking the technical data sheet or even making a small sample batch beats gambling with big jobs.

Plasticizers: Useful Helpers or Hidden Hazards?

Plasticizers pop up as a fix for stiffness and brittle parts. Folks use them to add a bit of “give.” JC Resin, like vinyl or epoxy, tolerates certain small-molecule plasticizers: phthalates, citrates, or even castor oil derivatives. Still, there’s a line. Too much, and cured resin turns gummy, loses strength, or leaches plasticizer when things get hot. Research from the Polymer Institute shows only select plasticizers keep clarity and mechanical properties intact. The wrong one stains, clouds, or even smells bad.

Many hobbyists and pros overlook health issues too. Some plasticizers release fumes that nobody wants to breathe. Regulations in the US and Europe keep changing: banned lists grow longer. Sticking with approved options and getting documentation from suppliers matters. Customers in my experience stay loyal when they know their finished pieces don’t pose a risk.

Looking for Solutions: Small Batches and Reliable Suppliers

For anyone thinking about customizing JC Resin with fillers, other resins, or modifiers, I always advise making a small test batch—not just for chemical results, but to see how it handles, smells, and looks in the real world. Besides, technical support lines from trusted resin suppliers actually help. They know which additives work, and more importantly, which combinations have caused recalls or claims.

The smart move isn’t chasing the cheapest fix or experimental mix you read on a forum. The value comes from verified performance and honest support. Whether making a countertop or casting parts, that’s how reliable, safe, and lasting products earn customer trust. Your project’s reputation depends on it.

What are the recommended storage and handling conditions for JC Resin?

Protecting Resin: Why Conditions Matter

Anyone who’s worked with chemical resins knows they’re sensitive to their environment. JC Resin is no exception. Too much heat, direct sunlight, or a slip in humidity can take a reliable material and turn it into wasted money. So, storage isn’t only about finding a spot on a shelf. It’s about keeping quality and safety in mind, so every batch works just as well as the last.

Resin vs. Heat, Sunlight, and Moisture

Let’s get right to it: high temperatures create chaos. Heat speeds up unwanted reactions, clumps the resin, and can even rearrange chemical bonds. That’s why a cool, dry location beats out just about anything else. Most manufacturers keep JC Resin at temperatures below 30°C (around 86°F). This not only prevents softening or degradation but also avoids the messy business of resin sticking to containers.

Sunlight doesn’t play nice with nearly any resin. Ultraviolet rays change the stuff on a molecular level. This can mean yellowing, brittleness, or even total breakdown. So, storing containers out of direct sunlight isn’t just good advice; it’s essential. I’ve seen more than a few resins ruined after a sunny afternoon in an open warehouse.

Humidity finds its way into any space that isn’t airtight. Over time, that can mean lumps, loss of texture, or even microbial growth. Silica gel packs or dehumidifiers earn their keep in storage areas for this very reason. Anyone wanting to avoid headaches down the line wraps their resin in moisture-proof packaging or uses sealed drums.

Avoiding Cross-Contamination

Every user should look at their storage room and ask: could this resin touch anything else? Cross-contamination can sneak up if someone leaves lids loose, uses shared tools, or stocks incompatible chemicals side by side. One simple fix is color-coded containers or designated storage shelves for different resin types. It’s a detail that pays off, especially on busy production days.

Safety Isn’t Optional

Even stable resins release fumes or produce irritants if handled carelessly. Good ventilation stays high on the list, along with closed containers and quick cleanup of spills. Labeling every drum and pail makes it obvious what’s inside for anyone moving stock in and out. If there’s any doubt, proper gloves and eye protection cut down on accidents fast.

Practical Steps for Better Storage

Small operations and big plants alike benefit from regular checks. Inventory rotation keeps fresh stock at hand, and clear “first in, first out” rules minimize old resin sitting around. Whether resin comes in powder or granular form, quality checks once every few weeks spot any changes before they disrupt production.

Problems never disappear on their own. A simple leak, a small tear in the packaging, or forgetting to close a lid might seem minor at the end of a shift. Those little actions cost more later than anyone likes to admit. Keeping brooms handy, training staff on best practices, and investing in strong containers all add up to consistency.

Building Better Habits with Resin Storage

Nobody wants a production halt or a ruined batch. Learning from experience, every plant manager and technician benefits from double-checking climate, shelf placement, and safety steps. Reliable storage doesn’t cost time; it saves weeks of frustration and increases trust in every shipment. JC Resin, handled right, stays ready for the next challenge every day.

Is JC Resin safe for use in food contact or medical applications?

Real Risk, Real Questions

JC Resin shows up in a lot of artistic and crafting circles. People love its clear finish and versatility. Recipes for river tables and coasters pop up on YouTube and Facebook every week. Yet, the moment anyone asks about food safety or medical use, things grind to a halt. The truth is, it’s not just about looks. It’s about what touches your skin, your mouth, or even, in a hospital setting, your blood. That changes the whole game.

What’s Inside Matters

Resins use chemicals, usually epoxies, and hardeners. Manufacturers often keep their exact formulas tight to the chest. JC Resin, like many others, claims low odor and crystal clarity. Those qualities sound good for art, but they don’t answer the most crucial questions: Will it leach chemicals onto food? How does it react under regular washing, acids, or just plain old time?

Guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) spells things out plainly: food-contact materials must either be made from food-safe ingredients or have a proven record of not transferring anything dangerous. Most hobby resins don’t make that cut. They miss the rigorous migration testing, and there’s no rubber stamp for hospital use either.

The Certification Gap

Certifications aren’t a technicality here. FDA compliance, or meeting standards from similar agencies, goes beyond a manufacturer’s word. It involves third-party testing, ingredient disclosure, batch traceability, and proof that the material won’t harm people. JC Resin usually skips these for anything beyond decorative uses. Searching official documentation brings up no listings for JC Resin in food-contact or medical-approved materials. A handful of resin brands have paid for this kind of testing, but JC doesn’t make those claims, nor does it show paperwork to back them up.

Sometimes, people assume that because a surface hardens fully, nothing remains to migrate into food. Science tells another story. Traces of unreacted agents or byproducts can linger, especially in recipes not specifically designed for high chemical resistance. Hot foods, acids, alcohol – these speed up chemical migration. The most reliable food-safe resins name their compliance openly and give certification documents to retailers and end users.

Possible Health Consequences

People have gotten sick from using the wrong materials near food: headaches, skin rashes, and in some extreme cases, more serious symptoms. Nobody wants to risk BPA leaching out or skin blistering for the sake of a pretty finish. Stories abound on crafting forums of homemade plates or cutting boards leading to lingering coughs or mysterious allergies. Real food-safe products need a much higher bar.

Safe Alternatives and What To Ask

For serving trays, cups, or reusable kitchenware, stick with resins labeled “food-safe after curing.” Ask for proof: that means written compliance with FDA 21 CFR 175.300 or equivalent regulations. For medical projects, only use certified biocompatible resins. These usually cost more and come from suppliers who work with the medical field directly. Don’t trust marketing words—look for detailed specs and honest manufacturer answers.

If you’re working on a public or commercial project, there’s a duty to protect others. Working with suppliers who take compliance seriously isn’t just bureaucracy—it builds trust and keeps everyone healthy. The prettiest finish isn’t worth someone’s well-being. It pays to treat these choices with real scrutiny and a steady dose of skepticism.

JC Resin (Vinyl Chloride/Vinyl Acetate/Maleic Acid Terpolymer)
Names
Preferred IUPAC name poly(1-chloroethene-co-ethenyl ethanoate-co-2-butenedioic acid)
Other names Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic acid copolymer
Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate/maleic acid terpolymer
Terpolymer of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and maleic acid
Pronunciation /ˈviː.nəl ˈklɔː.raɪd ˈviː.nəl əˈsiː.teɪt məˈliː.ɪk ˈæs.ɪd tɜːˈpɒl.ɪ.mər/
Identifiers
CAS Number 9005-09-8
Beilstein Reference 8411900
ChEBI CHEBI:17909
ChEMBL CHEMBL2106133
ChemSpider 21634305
DrugBank DB14025
ECHA InfoCard 03b3fadd-d968-46c3-88ea-33ba9fb8e25c
EC Number 25214-39-5
Gmelin Reference 8464
KEGG C16276
MeSH D002005
PubChem CID 25108382
RTECS number TR0190000
UNII 11K1T43FBV
UN number UN1866
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID30892353
Properties
Chemical formula (C2H3Cl)x(C4H6O2)y(C4H4O4)z
Molar mass 70000-130000 g/mol
Appearance White or yellowish powder
Odor Slight ester odor
Density 0.35-0.55 g/cm³
Solubility in water Insoluble in water
log P -0.25
Acidity (pKa) 6.25
Basicity (pKb) 9.2
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -1.01 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/g
Refractive index (nD) 1.515
Viscosity 200-600cps
Dipole moment 2.72 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) -3406 kJ/mol
Hazards
Main hazards Harmful if inhaled, causes skin and eye irritation, may cause respiratory irritation, dust may form explosive mixture with air.
GHS labelling GHS07, GHS09
Pictograms GHS07,GHS09
Signal word Warning
Precautionary statements Precautionary statements: P210, P261, P271, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P403+P235
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 2-1-1
Autoignition temperature 391°C
LD50 (median dose) > 5,000 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH CAS No. 25153-87-5
PEL (Permissible) 10 mg/m³
REL (Recommended) 0.2-5.0%
IDLH (Immediate danger) Not established
Related compounds
Related compounds Vinyl chloride homopolymer
Vinyl acetate copolymer
Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer
Vinyl chloride/maleic acid copolymer
Vinyl acetate/maleic acid copolymer